# Euclidean projection on a halfspace

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    % Sec. 8.1.1, Boyd & Vandenberghe "Convex Optimization"
    % Joelle Skaf - 10/04/05
    %
    % The projection of x0 on a halfspace C = {x | a'*x <= b} is given by
    %           minimize || x - x0 ||^2
    %               s.t.    a'*x <= b
    % It is also given by P_C(x0) = x0 + (b - a'*x0)*a/||a||^2 if a'*x0 > b
    %                           and x0                         if a'*x0 <=b

    % Input data
    randn('seed',0);
    n  = 10;
    a  = randn(n,1);
    b  = randn(1);
    x0 = randn(n,1);    % a'*x0 <=b
    x1 = x0 + a;        % a'*x1 > b

    % Analytical solution
    fprintf(1,'Computing the analytical solution for the case where a^T*x0 <=b...');
    pc_x0 = x0;
    fprintf(1,'Done! \n');
    fprintf(1,'Computing the analytical solution for the case where a^T*x0 > b...');
    pc_x1 = x1 + (b - a'*x1)*a/norm(a)^2;
    fprintf(1,'Done! \n');

    % Solution via QP
    fprintf(1,'Computing the solution of the QP for the case where a^T*x0 <=b...');
    cvx_begin quiet
        variable xs0(n)
        minimize ( square_pos(norm(xs0 - x0)) )
        a'*xs0 <= b;
    cvx_end
    fprintf(1,'Done! \n');

    fprintf(1,'Computing the solution of the QP for the case where a^T*x0 > b...');
    cvx_begin quiet
        variable xs1(n)
        minimize ( square_pos(norm(xs1 - x1)) )
        a'*xs1 <= b;
    cvx_end
    fprintf(1,'Done! \n');

    % Verification
    disp('-----------------------------------------------------------------');
    disp('Verifying that p_C(x0) and x0_star are equal in the case where a^T*x0 <=b');
    disp(['||p_C(x0) - x0_star|| = ' num2str(norm(xs0 - pc_x0))]);
    disp('Hence they are equal to working precision');
    disp('Verifying that p_C(x1) and x1_star are equal in the case where a^T*x1 > b');
    disp(['||p_C(x1) - x1_star|| = ' num2str(norm(xs1 - pc_x1))]);
    disp('Hence they are equal to working precision');

    Computing the analytical solution for the case where a^T*x0 <=b...Done!
    Computing the analytical solution for the case where a^T*x0 > b...Done!
    Computing the solution of the QP for the case where a^T*x0 <=b...Done!
    Computing the solution of the QP for the case where a^T*x0 > b...Done!
    -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Verifying that p_C(x0) and x0_star are equal in the case where a^T*x0 <=b
    ||p_C(x0) - x0_star|| = 6.6309e-10
    Hence they are equal to working precision
    Verifying that p_C(x1) and x1_star are equal in the case where a^T*x1 > b
    ||p_C(x1) - x1_star|| = 2.0401e-10
    Hence they are equal to working precision